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●●(评)苏格兰宗教哲学家坎贝尔:我是一个坦特罗密教(藏传佛教)性奴隶!●● |
With her book,Traveller in Space: In Search of Female Identity in Tibetan Buddhism, the Scottish philosopher of religion, June Campbell, opened the floodgates for an honest and sound debate about Tantric Buddhism. She worked as a translator for Tibetan lamas, including Kalu Rinpoche, whose "secret sexual consort" she became. Here we reproduce an article about her from the Independent. 英国独立报-1999年2月10号-记者Paul Vallely The Independent - 10. February 1999 - Paul Vallely
For years June Campbell was the`consort`of a senior Tibetan Buddhist monk. She was threatened with death if she broke her vow of secrecy. But then enlightenment can be like that. 又是一双黏土脚吗?不,是人体解剖构造上的另一部分——而且是再肉质不过的一部分——所造成 的麻烦。当然,我想读者们应该都不至于会误认坦特罗密教中的双修性行为会是一种坦率公开的活动,不过话再说回来,当你立誓出家成为一名禁慾的比丘尼时,任何一种形式的性行为想当初都不在你原先的计划中吧。(※译注:黏土脚:这个名词特别用来喻指某些地位崇高,道貌岸然之人,其实暗中有公众所看不见的弱点或 秘密!意味一个人的地位再神圣,站的再高,如果他的双脚是黏土作的,那么将很容易被打碎,打碎了自然就站不稳,必定要从高处跌下来,既不神圣也不高了!) Feet of clay? No, it was a different part of the anatomy - and of all too fleshly substance - which caused the trouble. But, I suppose, you don`t expect Tantric sex to be a straightforward activity. Then again, sex of any kind isn`t really what you`re planning when you become a celibate nun. 这是,June Campbell在演讲开始时说的,自从她的书出版以来第二次被邀请为这个国家的佛教团体发表演说,《空行母》这本书在三年前问世出版, 而一点也不意外的,她所叙述的主题被当时的宗教界斥为异端,而她所遭受的责难亦可说是无人能过其右。因为在书中她不仅揭露了自己曾是西藏诸多「神圣」修行 人当中,一位转世喇嘛——卡卢仁波切多年的秘密性伴侣,她还坚信这种关係的核心当中所隐藏的权力滥用更足以暴显整个坦特罗密教(即喇嘛教)教义最极核心的缺失!
说实在的,乍听之下这真是异端邪说。对外人而言,卡卢仁波切是西藏流亡在外诸多备受崇敬瑜伽 师—喇嘛当中的一个。身为自己寺院的住持, 他不仅早发誓禁慾,而且更以曾隐居潜修十四年而备享盛名。他的学生当中,很多都是西藏最高阶层的喇嘛。而正如Ms.Campbell说的:「在西藏社会中,他的身份地位是无庸置疑的,而所有人也都乐于证明他的神圣不凡。」 This was heresy , indeed. To outsiders, the Rinpoche was one of the most revered yogi-lamas in exile outside Tibet. As abbot of his own monastery, he had taken vows of celibacy and was celebrated for having spent 14 years in solitary retreat. Among his students were the highest ranking lamas in Tibet. "His own status, was unquestioned in the Tibetan community", said Ms. Campbell, "and his holiness attested to by all". 藏 传佛教世界这个圈子——不管它在西方时尚圈中已经如何传播开来——本 质上都还是一个既封闭又紧密的圈子。儘管Ms.Campbell已经选择将自己的陈述以一种颇为节制的方式,在她那本极为学术化而又以「寻找藏传佛教中女 性之定位」为副标题的书中表达出来,仍然不免在这个封闭的圈子中激起被她形容为「愤怒与激动的原始流露」的强烈反弹。「我被痛斥谩骂成一名骗子,一个恶 魔!」她在上个礼拜于Sharpham,Devon的无派系佛学研究大学 (the nonsectarian College for Buddhist Studies)所发表的那场公开演讲中这样说:「在西藏佛教那个世界裡,他是一名圣人。而我对他的揭发就好像是宣称天主教德蕾莎修女也会拍A片一样!」 The inner circles of the world of Tibetan Buddhism - for all ist spread in fashionable circles in the West - is a closed and tight one. Her claims, though made in a restrained way in the context of a deeply academic book subtitled - "In Search of Female Identity in Tibetan Buddhism" - provoked what she described as a primitive outpouring of rage and fury. "I was reviled as a liar or a demon", she said during a public lecture last week at the nonsectarian College for Buddhist Studies in Sharpham, Devon. "In that world he was a saintly figure. It was like claiming that Mother Teresa was involved in making porn movies". 但是,並非因为不敢面对这些反弹,而让她整整等了十八年才出版这本书 《Traveller in Space》(Traveller in Space即藏语 dakini一辞的英译,dakini是空行母的意思,这个名辞虽然看似颇有诗意,实则不过意指被邪淫本质的藏传佛教喇嘛用来当作双修性工具的女人) 来揭发吐露真相。而是整 整花了十八年那么久的时间,她才终于能够克服这些经历所造成的创伤。「有十一年之久我绝口不提这事,等到我决心要把它写下来了,又花了我七年的时间去做研 究。我想作的是把我个人的经验以及我对西藏社会中女性所扮演角色的瞭解编织联繫起来,好让自己能够合理解释过去那些发生在我身上的事。」 But it was not fear of the response which made her wait a full 18 years before publishing her revelations in a volume entitled Traveller in Space - a translation of dakini, the rather poetic Tibetan word for a woman used by a lama for sex. It took her that long to get over the trauma of the experience. "I spent 11 years without talking about it and then, when I had decided to write about it, another seven years researching. I wanted to weave together my personal experience with a more theoretical understanding of the role of women in Tibetan society to help me make sense of what had happened to me." 事 情发生经过如下,六零年间嬉皮年代当June Campbell在苏格兰家乡成为佛教徒后, 她接着就旅行到印度并在那裡出家成为比丘尼。随后她又在一座西藏喇 嘛寺庙裡待了十年,远比任何一位西方人士都还深入接近这个信仰中的神秘高层。最后她更成为藏密大师卡卢仁波切七十年代旅游欧美时的随身翻译。「就是在那之 后,」Campbell说,「卡卢仁波切要求我成为他的性伴侣,与他双身共修密法。」 What happened was that , having become a Buddhist in her native Scotland in the hippie Sixties, she travelled to India where she became a nun. She spent 10 years in a Tibetan monastery and penetrated more deeply than any other Westerner into the faith`s esoteric hierarchy. Eventually she became personal translator to the guru as, during the Seventies, he travelled through Europe and America. It was after that, she said, that "he requested that I become his sexual consort and take part in secret activities with him".What happened was that , having become a Buddhist in her native Scotland in the hippie Sixties, she travelled to India where she became a nun. She spent 10 years in a Tibetan monastery and penetrated more deeply than any other Westerner into the faith`s esoteric hierarchy. Eventually she became personal translator to the guru as, during the Seventies, he travelled through Europe and America. It was after that, she said, that "he requested that I become his sexual consort and take part in secret activities with him". 只有一个第三者知道她与卡卢仁波切间的这种关係——一个侍从喇嘛——这个喇嘛也曾在Campbell所形容并参与的那种一女多男西藏密宗双身共修关係中与她发生过性行为。「好几年过后,我才醒悟到就 我当时所被 侵犯与利用到的程度来说,那早已构成是一种对性的剥削与糟蹋了。就年代上来说,坦特罗密教这种双身修法要比正统佛教(显教)还来的早。 Only one other person knew of the relationship - a second monk - with whom she took part in what she described as a polyandrous Tibetanstyle relationship. "It was some years before I realised that the extent to which I had been taken advantage of constituted a kind of abuse".
The practice of Tantric sex is more ancient than Buddhism. The idea goes back to the ancient Hindus who believed that the retention of semen during intercourse increased sexual pleasure and made men live longer. The Tibetan Buddhists developed the belief that enlightenment could be accelerated by the decision "to enlist the passions in one`s religious practice, rather than to avoid them". The stategy is considered extremely risky yet so efficacious that it could lead to enligthenment in one lifetime. Monks of a lower status confined themselves to visualising an imaginary sexual relationship during meditation. But, her book sets out, the "masters" reach a point where they decide that they can engage in sex without being tainted by it. The instructions in the so-called "secret" texts spell out the methods which enable the man to control the flow of semen through yogic breath control and other practices. The idea is to "drive the semen upwards, along the spine, and into the head". The more semen in a man`s head, the stronger intellectually and spiritually he is thought to be. 「『一般性行为的倒行逆施』恰足以一语道破密宗双身修法中男女双方的相对关係与地位。」 "The reverse of ordinary sex expresses the relative status of the male and female within the ritual." 此 外,在保持自己精液不漏失的情况下,男性甚至还可以藉由吸取双修女伴的淫液而获得额外的精 气能量。这种「一般性行为的倒行逆施」,June Campbell说:「正足以说明双身仪轨中男女双方的相对关係地位,因为它清楚表明力量是从女方身上流失到男方的。」(※译注:之所以称为「一般性行为的倒行逆施」是因为在一般性行为当中,男方最终必将射精漏失精液,亦即所谓损失精气能量!然而密宗双身修 法却「倒行逆施」,标榜精液可以不漏失,甚至还能反向逆引此一男性精液能量上传至头部!) More than that, he is said to gain additional strength from absorbing he woman`s sexual fluids at the same time as withholding his own. This "reverse of ordinary sex", said June Campbell, "expresses the relative status of the male and female within the ritual, for it signals the power flowing from the woman to the man". 这种双修法中男女地位的失衡是因为喇嘛大师们必定会坚持与他们进行双修的「空行母」严守秘密——其目的不过在于让喇嘛们可以完全掌握这些双修的女伴—— 而更形恶化。JuneCampbell说:「这本书出版以来,我收到不少从世界各地曾遭受相同甚至更恶劣待遇的女性所寄来的信件。」 The imbalance is underscored by the insistence by such guru-lamas that their sexual consorts must remain secret, allowing the lamas to maintain control over the women. "Since the book was published, I`ve had letters from women all over the world with similar and worse experiences".
So why did she stay for almost three years? "Personal prestige. The women believe that they too are special and holy. They are entering sacred space. It produces good karma for future lives, an is a test of faith". The combination of religion, sex, power and secrecy can have a potent effect. It creates the Catch 22 of psychological blackmail set out in the words of another lama, Beru Kyhentze Rinpoche: "If your guru acts in a seemingly unenlightened manner and you feel it would be hypocritical to think him a Buddha, you should remember that your own opinions are unreliable and the apparent faults you see may only be a reflection of your own deluded state of mind...If your guru acted in a completely perfect manner he would be inaccessible and you would be able to relate to him. It is therefore out of your Guru`s great compassion that he may show apparent flaws... He ist mirroring your own faults". 这种精神压 力对于那些「空行母」来说,通常因为她们必须发下毒誓保证决不洩漏与上师裸体双修的秘密而随之加强,就JuneCampbell而言,她就曾被告知如果违 誓洩漏她与上师进行裸体双修的秘密的话,「疯狂,灾难甚至死亡」将可能随之降临于她身上!「我被告知说,与我进行双修的卡卢仁波切,在上一辈子裡有个情妇 带给他一些麻烦,为了除掉她,他就唸咒施术让那位情妇生病乃至最后病重死亡!」 The psychological pressure ist often increased by making the woman swear vows of secrecy. In addition June Campbell was told that "madness, trouble or even death" could follow if she did not keep silent. "I was told that in a previous life the lama I was involved with had had a mistress who caused him some trouble, and in order to get rid of her he cast a spell which caused her illness later resulting in her death. 「当我开始解开自己旧心结的同时,我也开始质疑起了一切事。」 她说。这两句话的意思是,她所怀疑的对象已不仅仅是某位喇嘛上师的行为是否正确?而是更进一步的,他的法义思想是否根本就是有问题?她更开始怀疑起整个坦 特罗密教的思想或许根本不过就是个大妄想,而密教无上瑜珈中的男女双修根本也就跟一般男女的裸体作爱毫无两样!她甚至还怀疑起所谓的觉悟到底是否存在?而 静坐冥想那些修行是否有真实意义?「我体认到如果我真的想要重新寻回自我的话,我一定得完全地、彻底地抛开以前所有的那一切!」 There are those Buddhists, like Martine Batchelor - who spent 10 years as a Zen Buddhist nun in a Korean monastery and who now teaches at Scharpham College - who insist the religious techniques the Buddha taught can be separated from the sexist, patriarchal and oppressive culture of many Buddhist countries. But June Campbell is not convinced. "You have to ask what is the relationship between belief and how a society structures itself," she said. In Tibetanism, power lies in the hands of men who had often been traumatised by being removed from their mother at the age of two and taken to an all male monastery. "Some were allowed visits from their mothers and sisters but always in secrecy - so that they came to associate women with what must be hidden".
举证2、《十诵律》卷48:「佛听我画柱塔上者善?佛言:除男女合像。馀者听作。」(CBETA, T23, no. 1435, p. 352, a3-6) 举证3、《四分律行事钞简正记》卷16:「房舍法中。不得作男女合像。」(CBETA, X43, no. 737, p. 429, c2 // Z 1:68, p. 484, b8 // R68, p. 967, b8) 略释:出家人居住的房舍里,不得有製作男女交合的画像及凋像。 ) |
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