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Sexual scandals of Lamas and Rinpoches

über die Dalai Lamas

Before Buddhism was brought to Tibet, the Tibetans had their believes in "Bon". "Bon" is a kind of folk beliefs which gives offerings to ghosts and gods and receives their blessing. It belongs to local folk beliefs.

In the Chinese Tang Dynasty, the Tibetan King Songtsän Gampo brought “Buddhism” to the Tibetan people which became the state religion. The so-called “Buddhism” is Tantric Buddhism which spreads out during the final period of Indian Buddhism. The Tantric Buddhism is also named "left hand tantra" because of its tantric sexual practices. In order to suit Tibetan manners and customs, the tantric Buddhism was mixed with "Bon". Due to its beliefs of ghosts and sexual practices, it became more excessive.

The tantric Master Atiśa spread out the tantric sex teachings in private. Padmasambhava taught it in public, so that the Tibetan Buddhism stands not only apart from Buddhist teachings, but also from Buddhist form. Thus, the Tibetan Buddhism does not belong to Buddhism, and has to be renamed "Lamaism".

   
                  True Heart News: Sexual Abuse is Rare in Other Religions, While Sex IS the Essence of Tibetan Tantric Buddhism - Exposing the Lies Made by Dawa Tsering, Director of the Tibet Religious Foundation of H. H. the Dalai Lama (Part 1) (Reproduced

True Heart News: Sexual Abuse is Rare in Other Religions, While Sex IS the Essence of Tibetan Tantric Buddhism - Exposing the Lies Made by Dawa Tsering, Director of the Tibet Religious Foundation of H. H. the Dalai Lama (Part 1) (Reproduced)

 
© True Heart News, 2012/04/05

(By the True Heart News interviewing team in Taipei)

Radio Free Asia (U.S.-funded) had conducted an interview with Chairman Zhang (was then the CEO) of the True Enlightenment Education Foundation, together with Teacher Yu Zhengwai, and Dawa Tsering, Director of the Tibet Religious Foundation of H.H. the Dalai Lama on Dec. 7, 2011.
http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/tai-12072011101028.html?

During the interview, Dawa Tsering evaded the issue of the Couple-Practice Tantra; his arguments were logically inconsistent and he attempted to politicize the motive of the True Enlightenment Education Foundation. Therefore, True Heart News is obliged to refute his utterances with evidence so that the public will not be misled.

Chairman Zhang of the Foundation points out, the Foundation would not comment on the sexual assault cases in other religions because they are purely isolated cases and are not related to the evil religious doctrines.

Given that Tibetan “Buddhism” is counterfeit “Buddhism,” the sexual abuses on female disciples by lamas are not isolated cases; it is because the tenets of Tibetan “Buddhism” require its disciples to have sexual intercourse with many female adherents to attain Buddhahood in a lifetime. Such statements are well documented in the ancient Tantras of Tibetan “Buddhism” through generations over a millennium, and are still being propagated today.

Director Dawa Tsering stated that Tibetan “Buddhism” does not advocate the sexual practice, and so on; his remarks utterly contradict the Dalai Lama’s statements which were published into many books. Obviously, Dawa Tsering did not speak the truth. He intended to shift the focus and cover up the facts that many lamas have committed sexual assault cases on females in Taiwan.

Dawa Tsering pointed out: “Tibetan Buddhism is also called Esoteric School because of the ‘secret meaning’ stated in the sutras, which can only be explained by the gurus. There is no way to understand its true meaning simply based on literal interpretation.”

Chairman Zhang replies to this particular point: Since Dawa Tsering remarked that those who do not have the knowledge of the Tibetan language and have never practiced Tibetan Tantra are not qualified to comment on Tibetan “Buddhism,” we will quote the Dalai Lama’s statements published in his books to explain what the esoteric meanings in Tibetan Tantrism truly are.

In his book The World of Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lama states the following:

As explained in the Vajra-Tent Tantra, there are four classes within the tantric system. However, it is only in Highest Yoga Tantra that the profound and unique features of tantra find their fullest expression. Consequently, we should view the lower tantras as steps leading towards Highest Yoga Tantra. Although the presence of various methods of taking desire into the path is a feature common to all four classes of tantra, the level of desire employed differs considerably from one class of tantra to another. In the first class of tantra, one takes into the path the desire generated from merely gazing at an attractive person of the opposite sex. Then, the three remaining classes, respectively, employ the desire generated from smiling at and laughing with such a person, the desire involved in touching and holding hands, and finally, the desire involved in sexual union.(H.H. the Dalai Lama, The World of Tibetan Buddhism, p. 103)

As stated by the Dalai Lama, the practice of Tibetan “Tantrism,” from the preliminary to the final stages, consists of totally four classes of tantra, the Action Tantra, the Performance Tantra, the Yoga Tantra, and the Highest Yoga Tantra, all of which focus on sexual matters; to start with smiling, gazing, hugging, and eventually sexual union, these are the core methods of Tibetan tantric practice, the fourth and last class, called the “sexual union tantra,” “Mahayoga,” and so on, is the key point and the ultimate method of esoteric cultivation, namely the Highest Yoga Tantra.

The Dalai Lama states in his book Advice on Dying and Living a Better Life:
Highly developed practitioners who have firm compassion and wisdom can make use sexual intercourse as a technique to strongly focus the mind and manifest the fundamental innate mind of clear light. With this innermost mind they realize the emptiness of inherent existence in a dramatically powerful way. (H.H. the Dalai Lama, Advice on Dying and Living a Better Life, p.234)

The Dalai Lama in his another book The World of Tibetan Buddhism, also teaches:

Among these four naturally occurring states, the one that accords us the best opportunity to generate the experience of clear light is during sexual climax.…One of the prerequisites for engaging in such an advanced practice of sexual union is that the practitioner should have the ability to abstain from the fault of emission. Emission of sexual fluids is said to be damaging to one’s practice, particularly according to the explanations found in the Kalacakra Tantra. Even nocturnal emission is forbidden. (H.H. the Dalai Lama, The World of Tibetan Buddhism, p.96)

In his book Gentle Bridges - Conversations with the Dalai Lama on the Sciences of Mind, the Dalai Lama states:

Among these four, fainting is very strong, but the one that you experience at the time of orgasm is the strongest. That is one of the reasons why the practice of bliss comes into the highest yoga tantra. There is a lot of misunderstanding of the sexual and other imagery associated with the Anuttara yoga trantra. The actual reason for this sexual imagery is precisely because among these four ordinary occasions in which the clear light appears, orgasm is the strongest. Thus this imagery is used in meditation to extend the experience of the arising of clear light and also to clarify it or make it more vivid. This is the point. During the event of orgasm, because the experience of clear light is longer in duration, already you have a greater opportunity to utilize it. (HH the Dalai Lama, Gentle Bridges - Conversations with the Dalai Lama on the Sciences of Mind, p. 81)

It is easy to conclude that the Tibetan tantric practice is to attain orgasm during sexual intercourse. In doing so, they claim that one can experience the state of clear light (or the fundamental clear light) through orgasm, wherein one’s consciousness can concentrate on the practice of bliss. In order to prolong the sexual climax without ejaculation, the practitioners must cultivate the Chi-practice of inner heat or the bright drops of Chi channels at the generation stage.

However, those tantric practices have nothing to do with the liberation in Buddhism; the Buddha has never taught in any sutras that disciples have to experience the state of clear light during sexual climax. Besides, such sexual pleasure belongs to the perceptive mind experiencing the pleasure through the physical body, which is merely a low level sensation of the desire-realm, and it is not the state of realizing the emptiness-nature of the eighth vijnana in orthodox Buddhism.

Moreover, experiencing the state of clear light is within the scope of the conscious mind (the consciousness), which is totally refuted by the Buddha in the sutras. The Buddha has taught that the conscious mind arises dependently on causes and conditions and is impermanent as well as arising and ceasing.

In the Samyuktagama Sutra, Vol. 9, the Buddha states: “All states of the consciousness arise depending on the conditions of the Manas and the mental object. Therefore, bhiksus, it is called that the eye vijnana, and so on, including the Manovijnana (the consciousness), arises depending on causes and conditions.” (CBETA, T02, no. 99, p. 57, c20-22) Hence, to experience and stay in the state of “sexual climax,” which belongs to the state of the conscious mind (the consciousness), has nothing to do with the attainment of Buddhist liberation, nor is it the emptiness-nature mind—the eighth vijnana Tathagatagarbha—in orthodox Buddhism.

Dawa Tsering also highlighted, “The points raised by the True Enlightenment Education Foundation are only records in the sutras, yet hardly any practitioner has achieved this level throughout our history. Most importantly, the sutras also clearly stipulate that the monks who have received the precepts are absolutely forbidden to practice in that way because it violates the precept.

Chairman Zhang indicates: Again, his statement contradicts the historical fact and the current reality. Most ancient gurus of Tibetan “Buddhism” are actual practitioners of the Couple-Practice Tantra. In the case of no female consorts available, even masturbation (mudra dharma) is carried out for a sole practice practitioner. For instance, Milarepa practiced masturbation over ten years in a cave to cultivate the Dual Operation of Bliss and Emptiness since no female consort was available for his copulation practice. Therefore, he is deemed, in Tibetan “Buddhism,” as someone who cultivated ascetic practice. As for the Sixth Dalai Lama, one of his poems is quoted in a Chinese book A Talk on the Tibetan Culture (edited by Yelü Dashi), and it says:

While I live in the monastery palace,
I am Ridzin Tsangyang Gyatso, honored in this lineage.
When I roam the streets in Lhasa, and down in the valley to Shol,
I am the wildman, Dangyang Wangpo, who has many lovers.
Never have I slept without a sweetheart
Nor have I spent a single drop of sperm


Nevertheless, whatever state they have described regarding “no emission of semen” is definitely not the Buddhist cultivation and has nothing to do with the attainment of liberation or enlightenment of the Three-Vehicle Bodhi. Just think, if Buddha Sakyamuni would have practiced the same way as mentioned above, could he still be worshiped as the Buddha?

Chairman Zhang states that when DawaTsering said, "Tibetan Buddhist monks are not allowed to actually do the sexual practice," he was obviously telling a lie. Not only does this statement go against the tantric doctrines of Tibetan "Buddhism," but it also runs against his master, H. H. the Dalai Lama who expresses clearly in his books that a monastic can practice copulation tantra. How could Dawa Tsering have no knowledge of it?! He is obviously lying.

The 14th Dalai Lama states:

For Buddhists, sexual intercourse can be used in the spiritual path because it causes a strong focusing of consciousness if the practitioner has firm compassion and wisdom. Its purpose is to manifest and prolong the deeper levels of mind (described earlier with respect to the process of dying), in order to put their power to use in strengthening the realization of emptiness. Otherwise, mere intercourse has nothing to do with spiritual cultivation. When a person has achieved a high level of practice in motivation and wisdom, then even the joining of the two sex organs, or so-called intercourse, does not detract from the maintenance of that person’s pure behavior. Yogis who have achieved a high level of the path and are fully qualified can engage in sexual activity and a monastic with this ability can maintain all the precepts. (The XIV Dalai Lama, translated and edited by Jeffrey Hopkins, How to Practice: The Way to a Meaningful Life, Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. NY, 2002, p.193.)

Another well-known Tibetan "Buddhist" celebrity is Shamar Rinpoche, the Red Hat Dharma King or Sharmapa. He held the position of dharma prince regent in the time between the decease of the 16th Karmapa and the inauguration of the 17th Karmapa. He says:

In 1980 I came to the United States on my first trip to a western country. It was then that I finally learned how Vajrayana is promoted in Western countries. I concluded that Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche and Kalu Rinpoche were primarily responsible for introducing tantric union practices to westerners. As far as I understand, Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche's philosophy about Westerners is that they are highly motivated by sexual desire, inhabiting a realm of sexual desire. Because of that, he saw Tantra as fit for them. When Kalu Rinpoche taught union practice to Westerners, he taught them that it was a Tibetan tradition that he had taught in Tibet in the same way. Indeed, Kalu Rinpoche was really highly trained in tantric teachings. The two of them strongly promoted Tantra in the West and as a result of their efforts tantric practice became a big hit in America, Canada and Europe. (An Answer to Questions Raised about Bodhi Path and Lama Ole Nydahl)

Chairman Zhang points out that the quotes from the Dalai Lama and the renowned Dharma King Shamar Rinpoche clearly show that sexual tantra practice is real, still exists, and is not forbidden as Dawa Tsering claimed. Now the sexual tantra has spread from Tibet to Europe and America and even enjoys great popularity thanks to Kalu Rinpoche and Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche. Several Westerners who had travelled to China and deeply explored Tibet, wrote an article called, Tibetan Buddhism, Kama Sutra, and Tantric Sex:

Tibetan Buddhists, who are, more properly speaking, practicing a Buddhist veneer over their native nature-sex religion, have come up with ways of allowing the Buddhist search for “nothingness” and the “absence of desire” to meld with their earlier sex-worship religion.

...
....The way it used to work (pre-Chinese Communist invasion, of course) was that they would take young male candidates for the monastery at about the age of 17 and give them a good two years training in Tantric sex with a female teacher (generally a woman in her 30s or 40s, who taught many men – nice work if you can get it) and then they gradually weaned them from actual physical sex into spiritual sex, so that they could experience the same sort of sexual-spiritual bliss through imaginative meditation.
...Either way, the practice of tantric sex – and the gradual substituting of physical sex for achieving a mental state of orgasm – nirvana – still lives on and is practiced by many followers in the West, Sting and Richard Gere being just two examples, as well as a few, carefully secretive, monks in remote Tibetan monasteries
.(Retrieved from http://www.chinaexpat.com/2007/03/27/tibetan-buddhism-kama-sutra-and-tantric-sex.html/)

Another American Professor Miranda Shaw, author of Passionate Enligtenment: Women in Tantric Buddhism, quotes from the contemporary Gelug Sect gurus, Lama Thubeten Yeshe, Geshe Kelsang Gyatso and Dajie Geshe in their own accounts. These three gurus all practiced sexual tantra with their consorts physically. June Campbell from Scotland, author of Traveler in Space: Gender, Identity and Tibetan Buddhism, also describes in details about her long lasting tantric relationship with Kalu Rinpoche, the Dharma King of the Shangpa Kagyu Sect who was the lineage carrier. These two women are both experts in Tibetan study and also real practitioners of Tibetan Buddhist dharma. They are both insiders who have much deeper understanding than others.

According to his statements, Dawa Tsering is either completely going against the Dalai Lama's teachings, seriously misunderstanding the doctrines of Tibetan "Buddhism" and has no idea how Tibetan "Buddhism" is currently propagated, or just deliberately lying in order to deceive the decent Taiwanese people. Denying that Tibetan "Buddhism" does not have sexual tantra practice is harboring malicious intention. If the European and American scholars knew that Dawa Tsering had told such blatant lies, they would criticize him harshly.

Chairman Zhang says sadly that many Tibetan Tantric adherents thought that their gurus have achieved high state in practice and strictly follow their precepts. In fact, all Tibetan "Buddhist" monasteries are practicing copulation tantra secretly. If a female adherent is young and attractive, she would be chosen as a consort or a “Buddha-mother” to perform the Couple-Practice Tantra in secrecy. Given that the practice of copulation tantra between the gurus and their consorts are not normally tolerated in ethical prone Chinese society, therefore, Tibetan gurus exhort to practice it secretly. For instance, the Dalai Lama emphasizes in his book that "the practice of tantrism should be concealed." (Dalai Lama XIV/translated by Huang Chilin, Love in Perfection, China Times Publishing Company, September 1, 1991, 1st edition, p. 149)

If you don't want others to know about something, the only way is not to do it. As time passes, the secret practice of copulation tantra is going to be more and more exposed. Some females are unwilling to do this practice and were molested. In 1994, Sogyal Rinpoche, the famous author of the Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, was accused of sexual assault by an American female follower. In Taiwan, such cases of Tantric lamas committing sexual assault are prolific. Recently, Master Shenglun, who was certified by His Eminence Luding Khenchen Rincpoche of Sakya Ngorpa school as a "Living Buddha Rinpoche," was also accused of committing sexual assault. Clearly these are not just isolated cases. It is all because that the core doctrine of Tibetan Tantrism requires lamas to cultivate the Couple-Practice Tantra to achieve "Buddhahood" in a lifetime. This phenomenon cannot be simply explained away by "isolated cases."

Actually, if you just search the word "tantra" on the Internet, the results contain many stories about sexual assault cases by Tantric practitioners all over the world, including Canada, Australia, United States, Germany and Mainland China. The accused lamas are all prominent persons. All these facts prove that these are not chance occurrences or isolated cases, but clearly manifest the true colors of the malignant doctrines of Tibetan "Buddhism."

Chairman Zhang states, these facts unquestionably prove that Dawa Tsering, Director of the Tibet Religious Foundation of H. H. the Dalai Lama, is constantly lying. The public should really know the truth about sexual tantra in Tibetan "Buddhism" and advise friends and relatives to stay away from this sinister cult. In depth reading materials are available by the True Enlightenment Education Foundation and True Wisdom Publishing Co. The book Behind the Facade of Tibetan Buddhism: A Critique Based on the Buddha's True Secret Teachings by Venerable Pings Xiao is a four volume set of books which delves deeply into Tibetan "Buddhism" and includes a reference list consisting of 262 books on Tibetan Tantrism. The detail and depth of the contents are unparalleled.

In addition, A Talk on the Tibetan Culture by a mainland Chinese scholar Yelu Dashi quotes from materials published by Western Tibetan experts to explain the truth about Lamaism. He describes the practice of Kalachakra Tantra, the truth about sexual union and the reverse rules which make Tibetan Tantric Buddhists lie constantly.

Other free publications by the True Enlightenment Education Foundation include, among others: An Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism, A Brief Discussion on Copulation Tantra Teaching by the Dalai Lama, Love for All: Enjoying all the Women in the World, A Fair Commentary on the Great Exposition, The Great Exposition of Tantra Trilogy, and Om Mani Padme Hung- Exposing the Mantra’s Secret. There are also The True Face of the Dalai Lama and The Sexual World of Lamas by True Wisdom Publishing Co. All are wonderful readings for the public to learn the truth and not be fooled by the lies of Tibetan Lamaism - not "Buddhism." (Reported by the Interviewing Team) 20120405

Editor’s Note:

1. This article is an English version of the Chinese edition published on January 12, 2012.

2. The following clarification was added to the article posted on April 15, 2012:
The book A Talk on the Tibetan Culture was “edited and translated” by Yelü Dashi who quoted materials published by the German Tibetan experts Trimondis in the book The Shadow of the Dalai Lama – Sexuality, Magic and Politics in Tibetan Buddhism.

Reference Source: http://foundation.enlighten.org.tw/trueheart_en/27



Die Dalai Lamas

»Die Dalai Lamas werden von ihren Anhängern als fortgeschrittene Mahayana Bodhisattvas angesehen, mitfühlende Wesen, die sozusagen ihren eigenen Eintritt in das Nirvana zurückgestellt haben, um der leidenden Menschheit zu helfen. Sie sind demnach auf einem guten Wege zur Buddhaschaft, sie entwickeln Perfektion in ihrer Weisheit und ihrem Mitgefühl zum Wohle aller Wesen. Dies rechtertigt, in Form einer Doktrin, die soziopolitische Mitwirkung der Dalai Lamas, als Ausdruck des mitfühlenden Wunsches eines Bodhisattvas, anderen zu helfen.«

?Hier sollten wir zwei Dinge feststellen, die der Dalai Lama nicht ist: Erstens, er ist nicht in einem einfachen Sinne ein ?Gott-König?. Er mag eine Art König sein, aber er ist kein Gott für den Buddhismus. Zweitens, ist der Dalai Lama nicht das ?Oberhaupt des Tibetischen Buddhismus? als Ganzes. Es gibt zahlreiche Traditionen im Buddhismus. Manche haben ein Oberhaupt benannt, andere nicht. Auch innerhalb Tibets gibt es mehrere Traditionen. Das Oberhaupt der Geluk Tradition ist der Abt des Ganden Klosters, als Nachfolger von Tsong kha pa, dem Begründer der Geluk Tradition im vierzehnten/fünfzehnten Jahrhundert.«

Paul Williams, »Dalai Lama«, in
Clarke, P. B., Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements
(New York: Routledge, 2006), S. 136.

Regierungsverantwortung
der Dalai Lamas

?Nur wenige der 14 Dalai Lamas regierten Tibet und wenn, dann meist nur für einige wenige Jahre.?

(Brauen 2005:6)

»In der Realität dürften insgesamt kaum mehr als fünfundvierzig Jahre der uneingeschränkten Regierungsgewalt der Dalai Lamas zusammenkommen. Die Dalai Lamas sechs und neun bis zwölf regierten gar nicht, die letzten vier, weil keiner von ihnen das regierungsfähige Alter erreichte. Der siebte Dalai Lama regierte uneingeschränkt nur drei Jahre und der achte überhaupt nur widerwillig und auch das phasenweise nicht allein. Lediglich der fünfte und der dreizehnte Dalai Lama können eine nennenswerte Regieruagsbeteiligung oder Alleinregierung vorweisen. Zwischen 1750 und 1950 gab es nur achtunddreißig Jahre, in denen kein Regent regierte!«

Jan-Ulrich Sobisch,
Lamakratie - Das Scheitern einer Regierungsform (PDF), S. 182,
Universität Hamburg

Der Fünfte Dalai Lama,
Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso

Der Fünfte Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso

?Der fünfte Dalai Lama, der in der tibetischen Geschichte einfach ?Der Gro?e Fünfte? genannt wird, ist bekannt als der Führer, dem es 1642 gelang, Tibet nach einem grausamen Bürgerkrieg zu vereinigen. Die ?ra des fünften Dalai Lama (in etwa von seiner Einsetzung als Herrscher von Tibet bis zum Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts, als seiner Regierung die Kontrolle über das Land zu entgleiten begann) gilt als pr?gender Zeitabschnitt bei der Herausbildung einer nationalen tibetischen Identit?t - eine Identit?t, die sich im Wesentlichen auf den Dalai Lama, den Potala-Palast der Dalai Lamas und die heiligen Tempel von Lhasa stützt. In dieser Zeit wandelte sich der Dalai Lama von einer Reinkarnation unter vielen, wie sie mit den verschiedenen buddhistischen Schulen assoziiert waren, zum wichtigsten Beschützer seines Landes. So bemerkte 1646 ein Schriftsteller, dass dank der guten Werke des fünften Dalai Lama ganz Tibet jetzt ?unter dem wohlwollenden Schutz eines wei?en Sonnenschirms zentriert? sei; und 1698 konstatierte ein anderer Schriftsteller, die Regierung des Dalai Lama diene dem Wohl Tibets ganz so wie ein Bodhisattva - der heilige Held des Mahayana Buddhismus - dem Wohl der gesamten Menschheit diene.?

Kurtis R. Schaeffer, »Der Fünfte Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso«, in
DIE DALAI LAMAS: Tibets Reinkarnation des Bodhisattva Avalokite?vara,
ARNOLDSCHE Art Publishers,
Martin Brauen (Hrsg.), 2005, S. 65

Der Fünfte Dalai Lama:
Beurteilungen seiner Herrschaft I

?Gem?? der meisten Quellen war der [5.] Dalai Lama nach den Ma?st?ben seiner Zeit ein recht toleranter und gütiger Herrscher.?

Paul Williams, »Dalai Lama«, in
(Clarke, 2006, S. 136)

?Rückblickend erscheint Lobsang Gyatso, der ?Gro?e Fünfte?, dem Betrachter als überragende, allerdings auch als widersprüchliche Gestalt.?

Karl-Heinz Golzio / Pietro Bandini,
»Die vierzehn Wiedergeburten des Dalai Lama«,
O.W. Barth Verlag, 1997, S. 118

»Einmal an der Macht, zeigte er den anderen Schulen gegenüber beträchtliche Großzügigkeit. […] Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso wird von den Tibetern der ›Große Fünfte‹ genannt, und ohne jeden Zweifel war er ein ungewöhnlich kluger, willensstarker und doch gleichzeitig großmütiger Herrscher.«

Per Kvaerne, »Aufstieg und Untergang einer klösterlichen Tradition«, in:
Berchert, Heinz; Gombrich, Richard (Hrsg.):
»Der Buddhismus. Geschichte und Gegenwart«,
München 2000, S. 320

Der Fünfte Dalai Lama:
Beurteilungen seiner Herrschaft II

?Viele Tibeter gedenken insbesondere des V. Dalai Lama bis heute mit tiefer Ehrfurcht, die nicht allein religi?s, sondern mehr noch patriotisch begründet ist: Durch gro?es diplomatisches Geschick, allerdings auch durch nicht immer skrupul?sen Einsatz machtpolitischer und selbst milit?rischer Mittel gelang es Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso, dem ?Gro?en Fünften?, Tibet nach Jahrhunderten des Niedergangs wieder zu einen und in den Rang einer bedeutenden Regionalmacht zurückzuführen. Als erster Dalai Lama wurde er auch zum weltlichen Herrscher Tibets proklamiert. Unter seiner ?gide errang der Gelugpa-Orden endgültig die Vorherrschaft über die rivalisierenden lamaistischen Schulen, die teilweise durch blutigen Bürgerkrieg und inquisitorische Verfolgung unterworfen oder au?er Landes getrieben wurden.

Jedoch kehrte der Dalai Lama in seiner zweiten Lebenshälfte, nach Festigung seiner Macht und des tibetischen Staates, zu einer Politik der Mäßigung und Toleranz zurück, die seinem Charakter eher entsprach als die drastischen Maßnahmen, durch die er zur Herrschaft gelangte. Denn Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso war nicht nur ein Machtpolitiker und überragender Staatsmann, sondern ebenso ein spiritueller Meister mit ausgeprägter Neigung zu tantrischer Magie und lebhaftem Interesse auch an den Lehren andere lamaistischer Orden. Zeitlebens empfing er, wie die meisten seiner Vorgänger, gebieterische Gesichte, die er gegen Ende seines Lebens in seinen ›Geheimen Visionen‹ niederlegte.«

(Golzio, Bandini 1997: 95)

Der Dreizehnte Dalai Lama,
Thubten Gyatso

Der Dreizehnte Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso

?Ein anderer, besonders wichtiger Dalai Lama war der Dreizehnte (1876-1933). Als starker Herrscher versuchte er, im Allgemeinen ohne Erfolg, Tibet zu modernisieren. ?Der gro?e Dreizehnte? nutzte den Vorteil des schwindenden Einflusses China im 1911 beginnenden Kollaps dessen Monarchie, um faktisch der vollst?ndigen nationalen Unabh?ngigkeit Tibets von China Geltung zu verschaffen. Ein Fakt, den die Tibeter von jeher als Tatsache erachtet haben.?

Paul Williams, »Dalai Lama«, in
(Clarke, 2006, S. 137)

?Manche m?gen sich vielleicht fragen, wie die Herrschaft des Dalai Lama im Vergleich mit europ?ischen oder amerikanischen Regierungschefs einzusch?tzen ist. Doch ein solcher Vergleich w?re nicht gerecht, es sei denn, man geht mehrere hundert Jahre in der europ?ischen Geschichte zurück, als Europa sich in demselben Zustand feudaler Herrschaft befand, wie es in Tibet heutzutage der Fall ist. Ganz sicher w?ren die Tibeter nicht glücklich, wenn sie auf dieselbe Art regiert würden wie die Menschen in England; und man kann wahrscheinlich zu Recht behaupten, dass sie im Gro?en und Ganzen glücklicher sind als die V?lker Europas oder Amerikas unter ihren Regierungen. Mit der Zeit werden gro?e Ver?nderungen kommen; aber wenn sie nicht langsam vonstatten gehen und die Menschen nicht bereit sind, sich anzupassen, dann werden sie gro?e Unzufriedenheit verursachen. Unterdessen l?uft die allgemeine Verwaltung Tibets in geordneteren Bahnen als die Verwaltung Chinas; der tibetische Lebensstandard ist h?her als der chinesische oder indische; und der Status der Frauen ist in Tibet besser als in beiden genannten L?ndern.?

Sir Charles Bell, »Der Große Dreizehnte:
Das unbekannte Leben des XIII. Dalai Lama von Tibet«,
Bastei Lübbe, 2005, S. 546

Der Dreizehnte Dalai Lama:
Beurteilungen seiner Herrschaft

?War der Dalai Lama im Gro?en und Ganzen ein guter Herrscher? Dies k?nnen wir mit Sicherheit bejahen, auf der geistlichen ebenso wie auf der weltlichen Seite. Was erstere betrifft, so hatte er die komplizierte Struktur des tibetischen Buddhismus schon als kleiner Junge mit ungeheurem Eifer studiert und eine au?ergew?hnliche Gelehrsamkeit erreicht. Er verlangte eine strengere Befolgung der m?nchischen Regeln, veranlasste die M?nche, ihren Studien weiter nachzugehen, bek?mpfte die Gier, Faulheit und Korruption unter ihnen und verminderte ihren Einfluss auf die Politik. So weit wie m?glich kümmerte er sich um die zahllosen religi?sen Bauwerke. In summa ist ganz sicher festzuhalten, dass er die Spiritualit?t des tibetischen Buddhismus vergr??ert hat.

Auf der weltlichen Seite stärkte er Recht und Gesetz, trat in engere Verbindung mit dem Volk, führte humanere Grundsätze in Verwaltung und Justiz ein und, wie oben bereits gesagt, verringerte die klösterliche Vorherrschaft in weltlichen Angelegenheiten. In der Hoffnung, damit einer chinesischen Invasion vorbeugen zu können, baute er gegen den Widerstand der Klöster eine Armee auf; vor seiner Herrschaft gab es praktisch keine Armee. In Anbetracht der sehr angespannten tibetischen Staatsfinanzen, des intensiven Widerstands der Klöster und anderer Schwierigkeiten hätte er kaum weiter gehen können, als er es tat.

Im Verlauf seiner Regierung beendete der Dalai Lama die chinesische Vorherrschaft in dem großen Teil Tibets, den er beherrschte, indem er chinesische Soldaten und Beamte daraus verbannte. Dieser Teil Tibets wurde zu einem vollkommen unabhängigen Königreich und blieb dies auch während der letzten 20 Jahre seines Lebens.«

Sir Charles Bell in (Bell 2005: 546-47)

Der Vierzehnte Dalai Lama,
Tenzin Gyatso

Der Vierzehnte Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso

?Der jetzige vierzehnte Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) wurde 1935 geboren. Die Chinesen besetzten Tibet in den frühen 1950er Jahren, der Dalai Lama verlie? Tibet 1959. Er lebt jetzt als Flüchtling in Dharamsala, Nordindien, wo er der Tibetischen Regierung im Exil vorsteht. Als gelehrte und charismatische Pers?nlichkeit, hat er aktiv die Unabh?ngigkeit seines Landes von China vertreten. Durch seine h?ufigen Reisen, Belehrungen und Bücher macht er den Buddhismus bekannt, engagiert sich für den Weltfrieden sowie für die Erforschung von Buddhismus und Wissenschaft. Als Anwalt einer ?universellen Verantwortung und eines guten Herzens?, erhielt er den Nobelpreis im Jahre 1989.?

Paul Williams, »Dalai Lama«, in
(Clarke, 2006, S. 137)

Moralische Legitimation
der Herrschaft Geistlicher

Für Sobisch ist die moralische Legitimation der Herrschaft Geistlicher ?außerordentlich zweifelhaft?. Er konstatiert:

?Es zeigte sich auch in Tibet, da? moralische Integrit?t nicht automatisch mit der Zugeh?rigkeit zu einer Gruppe von Menschen erlangt wird, sondern allein auf pers?nlichen Entscheidungen basiert. Vielleicht sind es ?hnliche überlegungen gewesen, die den derzeitigen, vierzehnten Dalai Lama dazu bewogen haben, mehrmals unmi?verst?ndlich zu erkl?ren, da? er bei einer Rückkehr in ein freies Tibet kein politische Amt mehr übernehmen werde. Dies ist, so meine ich, keine schlechte Nachricht. Denn dieser Dalai Lama hat bewiesen, da? man auch ohne ein international anerkanntes politisches Amt inne zu haben durch ein glaubhaft an ethischen Grunds?tzen ausgerichtetes beharrliches Wirken einen enormen Einfluss in der Welt ausüben kann.?

Jan-Ulrich Sobisch,
Lamakratie - Das Scheitern einer Regierungsform (PDF), S. 190,
Universität Hamburg